Clinically tested. Built to help children with dyslexia learn to read.

Most reading apps skip clinical trials. The Poppins Learning reading therapy has been through two. One is already published. The second is complete, with its paper on the way.

A child practicing reading on a tablet
Children's Hospital Los AngelesInternational Dyslexia AssociationCHU PoitiersHôpital Necker–Enfants MaladesLilLab, Living & Learning Lab NeurodéveloppementHôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière · Charles-Foix

A structured, multi‑part reading program, tested in randomized trials, reviewed by France’s national health authority.

Two randomized controlled trials of our rhythm- and language-based reading program in children with dyslexia, the first published in Scientific Reports (Nature Portfolio), 2025.

About twice the reading progress of weekly specialist care alone, over 12 weeks, in our largest randomized trial. The gain comes from adding Poppins to the specialist’s care, not replacing it.

Nearly 6,000 children have taken part in our research and development across studies.

Scientific Reports2025
Randomized controlled trial

A rhythm- and language-based reading program in children with dyslexia

Nature PortfolioRead the study

What we tested, and what we found

From early feasibility studies to randomized controlled trials: here’s how the evidence was built.

012020–2021Feasibility & usability
Feasibility & usability studies
Built with kids, refined with feedback
Two initial studies were conducted with 5,500 children. In the first, 2,500 children tested an early version of the game (Mila-Learn), their feedback sharpened personalization, narration, humor, and the difficulty curve.
In a second study with more than 3,000 children, we evaluated the improved version, and saw children's in-game performance clearly improve over time.
5,500 children2 studies · FranceLaunched during lockdowns
These promising results justified launching a double-blind randomized controlled trial, Study #1, below.
How the two studies ran
ParticipantsChildren with learning disordersages 6–14 · recruited via FFDys · COVID lockdowns
Mila-Learn download
Apr – Jun 2020 · 1st lockdown
Phase 1
Feasibility
Oct 2020 · 2nd lockdown · 6 months
Phase 2
Usability
525 children
≥ 15 games played
median: 42 games
98 children
mean age: 9
3.5 sessions / week
Phone survey
200 families interviewed
descriptive statistics
Mixed linear models
score ~ time + diagnosis + age
Exploratory studies · rhythm serious game · children with learning disorders
022021–2023Published 2025 · Peer-reviewedMila-Learn-01
NCT05154721
Study #1 · Randomized controlled trial
Rhythm training improved word reading, against a placebo.
The first randomized controlled trial tested whether a rhythm-training game improved reading in children with dyslexia: 151 children, ages 7–11, double-blind and placebo-controlled, held to the highest standards of clinical research. Published in Scientific Reports (Nature Portfolio), 2025.
Reading gains after 8 weeks
+5.44
points in reading speed
+5.05
points in reading fluency
05101520
Reading fluency
Cohen's d = 0.42
Reading speed
Cohen's d = 0.44
Mila LearnPlacebo
Mean gains T2 − T1 · Per-protocol (N = 93) · 8-week RCT · ages 7–11
Adjusted diff.: fluency +5.05 pts (p < 0.05) · speed +5.44 pts (p < 0.05)
How the trial ran
Participants151 childrenspecific reading disorder · ages 7–11 · confirmed diagnosis
Randomization
Mila Learn
rhythm training
Placebo
control game
T1Baseline evaluation
8 weeks
of training
~11h total · at home
T2Post-training evaluation
8 weeks
of follow-up
no training
T3Follow-up evaluation
What "placebo-controlled" means here
Two games, identical on the surface. Only one hid the secret ingredient: rhythm.
Poppins game screens vs matched placebo game screens
The control group got a matched video game with no rhythm component, same look, same characters, same play time. Children and families couldn't tell which was which, and neither could the investigators: the trial was double-blind. Whatever difference showed up at the end can only come from the hidden ingredient: the rhythm training.
Built to be objective
The highest standards of clinical research.
Reading assessed by independent specialists, not by us.
Supervised by independent medical and hospital centers: blinded investigators, anonymized data.
Analyses followed a pre-established protocol, registered before the trial began.
Skills measured: reading and the related abilities needed for learning.
Descamps, M., Grossard, C., Pellerin, H., Lechevalier, C., Xavier, J., Matos, J., Vonthron, F., Grosmaitre, C., Habib, M., Falissard, B., & Cohen, D. (2025). Rhythm training improves word reading in children with dyslexia. Scientific Reports, 15, 17631.Read the published study →
032024Single-arm · Published 2025
Full-program study
Continued gains with the complete program
A follow-up study of the complete program, rhythm plus written-language training, checked whether the reading gains from Study #1 held up, and added a look at phonological skills. They held, and the phonology gain was larger than with the rhythm-only version.
Children with dyslexia, ages 7–118 weeksPublished 2025 · JMIR Serious Games
Reading gains after 8 weeks
Fluency
+11.49
more words read correctly
Speed
+10.26
more words read in total
Before training (T1)After 8 weeks: fluencyAfter 8 weeks: speed
Reading fluency
words correct / 2 min
T1T2
+11.5 wordsp < 0.001
Reading speed
total words / 2 min
T1T2
+10.3 wordsp < 0.001
Estimated gains · single-arm study (N = 38 enrolled) · 8 weeks · ages 7–11
The phonology gain
+2.75
phonology points with Poppins
+0.90
phonology points with Mila-Learn
01234
p = 0.02
Phonological awareness
Cohen's d = 0.48
PoppinsMila-Learn
Mean gains T2 − T1 · JMIR study (N = 38 enrolled) · 8 weeks · ages 7–11
Single-arm study, no comparison group; 24 of the children were also receiving concurrent reading support during the study, so France's health authority (HAS) notes these gains can't be attributed to Poppins alone. Grossard, Descamps, Pellerin, Vonthron & Cohen (2025). JMIR Serious Games, 13, e76435. Read the published study →
042024–2026Registered RCT · Results final 2026POPPINS-02
NCT06592911
★ Study #2 · Our landmark trial
Covered in France
by the national health system, its equivalent of the FDA, after reviewing this trial's data
Study #2 · POP-02 · our largest trial
About twice the reading progress, on half the schedule.
In a registered, randomized study with 306 children, those who added Poppins to every-other-week reading support made about twice the reading-fluency progress over 12 weeks as children getting weekly support alone. The benefit is additive: it comes from combining Poppins with the specialist's care.
Based on these results, submitted to France's national health authority (HAS), Poppins Learning is now reviewed and covered for families in France.
Poppins + every-other-week sessions (n = 154)Weekly sessions alone (n = 152)
Average gain in words read correctly in 2 minutes · 12 weeks
048
+8.6
+3.9
+4.67adjusted differencep = 0.008
Reading fluency gains at 12 weeksFrench EVAL2M test · only the relative result travels to U.S. norms
The headline result, in plain terms
½the specialist sessions
one every two weeks, instead of weekly
≈ 2×the reading progress
+8.6 vs +3.9 words, same 12 weeks
Children kept seeing their specialist, just half as often, and practiced with Poppins 20 minutes a day at home. Twelve weeks later they had gained about twice as much reading fluency as children on the full weekly schedule.
Not twice the progress of doing nothing, twice the progress of gold-standard weekly care.
How big is that, really?
3× the median effect of education RCTs on standardized tests.
Median education RCTd = 0.10
usually measured against doing nothing
Poppins in POP-02d = 0.31
measured against weekly specialist sessions
Most programs earn their score by beating doing nothing. Here, children who added Poppins beat the progress of weekly specialist care alone.
Median across ~750 randomized trials of education programs, measured on standardized tests: d = 0.10 (Kraft 2020).
What does that mean in school time?
12 weeks of study, ≈ 4–5 extra months of reading growth.
Weekly specialist sessions alonetheir usual progress
With Poppins addedabout twice the progress
+ 4–5 extra months
reading growth over the same 12 study weeks
Same 12 weeks (≈ 3 months of school): children who added Poppins gained about 4–5 extra months of reading growth beyond weekly specialist sessions alone. The same fact as "about twice the progress", told in school time.
An interpretive translation of d = 0.31 (Bloom et al. 2008; Lipsey et al. 2012, U.S. norms), a guide, not a guarantee, and conservative for children with dyslexia.
All three yardsticks measured against active, gold-standard weekly specialist care, not a waitlist, not a placebo app.
Experimental · n = 154
Poppins at home (20 min/day, 5 days/week) + one specialist session every 2 weeks.
Control · n = 152
Weekly specialist sessions alone, the national standard of care. T1 → 12 weeks → T2.
Oversight
Two university hospitals (Pitié-Salpêtrière, Henri Laborit) · investigator-blind · independent data handling · 0 device-related adverse events · submitted to HAS.
Protocol: Grossard, C., et al. (2025). JMIR Research Protocols, 14(1), e71326 · doi.org/10.2196/71326
About these results. POPPINS-02 (NCT06592911) was registered as a non-inferiority study; the observed result was a superiority on reading fluency for children using Poppins alongside reduced (every-other-week) support, compared with weekly support alone. Results are final as of 2026 (run and analyzed by an independent research organization, submitted to the French health authority) and not yet peer-reviewed or published; academic publication is under way. Separate from Study #1 (published in Scientific Reports, a Nature Portfolio journal, 2025). Statistics: adjusted difference +4.67 words, 95% CI [1.24; 8.10], p = 0.008, ITT, ANCOVA adjusted for baseline, sex, grade · d = 0.31. French test (EVAL2M); only the relative result travels. Individual results may vary.
Poppins Learning is an educational app designed to complement professional support for reading. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not regulate educational interventions for dyslexia, which is recognized as a specific learning disability under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
2026What's next:a medium-term follow-up (POPPINS-02-b) is now recruiting to see whether the POP-02 gains hold up months later. Longer-term effects are not yet established. We'll share results here as soon as they're final.

Rhythm & dyslexia: where Poppins Learning began

Prof. Michel Habib

Prof. Michel Habib

Neurologist, learning-disorder specialist

Poppins Learning grew directly out of the work of Dr. Michel Habib, a neurologist specializing in learning disorders at La Timone Hospital (AP-HM), and his team, whose research pointed to the potential of rhythm- and music-based training to support reading in children with dyslexia.

In this line of research, music training focused on rhythm can improve auditory temporal processing (a skill often weaker in children with dyslexia) and strengthen brain connectivity, including in regions tied to phonological processing and reading. The most promising approaches are multimodal and intensive, engaging the visual, auditory, and motor systems together.

Several controlled studies have found that rhythm training improves reading in children with dyslexia, with better results than non-rhythmic control activities (Flaugnacco et al., 2015; Habib et al., 2016; Cancer et al., 2020).

Habib, M. (2021). The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia and related disorders: a reappraisal of the temporal hypothesis, twenty years on. Brain Sciences, 11(6), 708.

Our scientific advisors

Members advise Poppins Learning’s research program. Advisory roles are not an endorsement of specific product claims.

Rhythm and written-language
training, together. Tested in
two randomized clinical trials.

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No. It doesn’t need to be. We raised the question with the FDA directly, and the position was clear: dyslexia is a learning difference, not a disease the agency regulates, so an educational app that supports reading falls outside its scope. In France, Poppins Learning is classified as a medical device; in the United States, dyslexia is addressed through education rather than medicine. It’s a recognized learning disability under IDEA, and Poppins Learning is an educational app designed to make a reading specialist’s time go further. The same product, two regulatory systems. In the U.S., that means you can start today, without a prescription.

One is published in Scientific Reports, a Nature Portfolio journal; the other’s results are final, independently verified, and already available to read on this page. Study #1 passed peer review there in 2025. Study #2, our largest trial to date, is complete: an independent research organization conducted the analysis, and the findings have been submitted to the French health authority.

Academic publication takes time, often a year or more, so Study #2’s peer-reviewed paper is still moving through the journal process. Its figures, chart, and disclosures appear in the Study #2 section above.

Fair question. No, we didn’t evaluate our own work in isolation. Both trials were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov before they began (NCT05154721 and NCT06592911), so the outcomes were defined in advance rather than chosen after the data came in. The trials were run at French university hospitals, the POP-02 analysis was carried out by an independent research organization, and Study #1 passed peer review at Scientific Reports, a Nature Portfolio journal. France’s national health authority also reviewed the full body of evidence before approving Poppins Learning for reimbursement there.
No. Poppins Learning is built to work alongside the specialist you already trust, not to substitute for them. In our largest trial, children who used Poppins alongside every-other-week sessions made more progress than children receiving weekly sessions alone, because the app sustains the practice at home between appointments. A skilled reading specialist is one of the most valuable forms of support a struggling reader can have, and Poppins Learning is designed to make that support go further.
Yes. Here are the numbers. On the standard scientific measure, the effect is roughly three times the median for education studies measured on standardized tests, and it was earned against a demanding benchmark: children who were already receiving gold-standard weekly specialist sessions, not a group receiving no support at all. The primary reading-fluency result was significant (p = 0.008), and the secondary reading-speed measure kept pace with weekly sessions alone. The effect is meaningful, not large. For a struggling reader, that means real extra months of progress on top of the best available care.
In practical terms, about four to five months of additional reading progress beyond what weekly specialist sessions alone delivered, roughly half a school year, achieved over twelve weeks. That’s the finding that carries across contexts. The underlying test is French (EVAL2M), so we don’t translate it into a U.S. grade-level equivalent; the scores don’t map cleanly across two different school systems. But months of reading growth is a measure any American parent or teacher can interpret, and it’s the most direct apples-to-apples way to understand the result.
More than you might think. France’s decision doesn’t extend coverage to you, and U.S. insurance doesn’t cover dyslexia support. What does carry over is the credibility behind that decision. France’s national health system, the country’s equivalent of the FDA, doesn’t commit public funding on a company’s assurances alone. An independent panel, with no incentive to be lenient, examined the research behind Poppins Learning, and France now reimburses it for families there. When you’re weighing a crowded field of reading apps, that’s an independent assessment no customer rating can offer. In the United States, Poppins Learning is simply an educational app: no prescription needed, and insurance stays out of it. It’s still the same product a rigorous foreign health authority examined closely and now reimburses.
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